Obstacle management
Enhanced integration through the elimination of cross-border legal and administrative obstacles
Tackling cross-border obstacles?
Join the BorderLabs CE community to break down barriers together!
The persistence of legal and administrative obstacles not only makes the everyday life of people living in border regions and integration more difficult in Central Europe, but also throughout the EU. It is no coincidence that the European Commission has launched a comprehensive series of initiatives since 2015, starting with the Cross-Border Review project and continuing with the Communication ‘Boosting Growth and Cohesion in EU Border Regions’ and the systematic implementation of its actions. From 2025 onwards, the BRIDGEforEU Regulation offers an institutional solution to systematically remove such barriers. The bsolutions initiative coordinated by the AEBR, as well as interventions under the ISO1 Interreg Specific Objective applied by several Interreg programmes, also help to remove barriers, which typically occur in sectors where Member States have retained their sovereignty and there has been no comprehensive alignment with EU law (e.g. health, social care, education, public transport, etc.).
All this means that a person in a situation of health emergency or injured in an accident near the border cannot be assisted by the specialists of the ambulance station located directly across the border; the arrival of the home ambulance must be awaited, which may cost people lives. Cross-border bus and coach services cannot be used for domestic journeys, but only for international journeys, which significantly increases the losses of the service. A pensioner who has moved across the border is not entitled to care services for the elderly in his new home country, as (s)he paid contributions in her/his former country of residence, etc. Such mundane annoyances are particularly disturbing within cross-border functional urban areas, where tens of thousands of people face similar challenges on a daily basis. These obstacles may deter many people from using services in a nearby urban centre across the border to work or study there. This in turn weakens the overall level of trust, the development of an overall better territorial economy (competitiveness) and cross-border integration.
In addition to ad-hoc barrier management, usually related to a project or investment, good practices are also known within Central Europe. In the Euroregions Spree-Neiße-Bober and Pomerania, information points are operated and being established to provide citizens with personalised advice in the legal frameworks of cross-border employment, public services, social assistance, etc. The region is also at the forefront of the application of the BRIDGEforEU Regulation: the first Cross-Border Coordination Point (CBCP) was established in Hungary based on the experiences of the Hungarian-Slovak strategic #ACCESS project promoting legal accessibility. Three of the six ‘relevant authorities’ designated in accordance with the Regulation are also located within Central Europe: Czechia, Poland and Romania. In addition, two groups from Italy (EGTC GO and Senza Confini EGTC) and the Province of Upper Austria successfully submitted applications to the Commission’s call for the establishment and launch of CBCPs at the end of 2025.
Launched by the ministers responsible for local and regional government across the 47 member states of the Council of Europe (CoE), the 2009 pan-European survey represented a foundational milestone in formalising Cross-Border Obstacle Management (CBOM). This initiative marked a major shift from high-level, general declarations on border cooperation to a systematic, empirical mapping of real-world legal, administrative, and institutional bottlenecks that actively constrained cross-border interactions.
By gathering evidence directly from territorial authorities, the survey created one of the first comprehensive, multinational inventories of cross-border obstacles across critical public sectors, including healthcare, public transport, emergency management, labour markets, and environmental protection. This systematic collection provided the empirical basis for subsequent practical toolkits, most notably the CoE’s Manual on Removing Obstacles to Cross-Border Cooperation.
Launched in 2009, the Information and Advisory Network in the German-Polish Euroregion Pomerania established a groundbreaking, decentralised service infrastructure providing direct, bilingual guidance to citizens, businesses, and public authorities on cross-border administrative and legal matters.
It was innovative for its time as a pioneering practice in cross-border obstacle management, systematically identifying and resolving practical, day-to-day bottlenecks in cross-border employment, taxation, healthcare, and administrative procedures arising from divergent national legal frameworks. By institutionalising permanent local contact points across the border, this network set a vital benchmark for dismantling legal and administrative obstacles across border regions.
Commissioned by the Council of Europe and prepared by the Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia (ISIG), the 2013 Manual on Removing Obstacles to Cross-Border Cooperation marked a decisive operational milestone in formalising Cross-Border Obstacle Management (CBOM).
Translating the empirical results of the CoE’s 47-state survey launched in 2009 into a practical toolkit, the manual shifted the focus of border studies from merely cataloguing spatial disruptions to actively deploying structured, problem-solving methodologies.
The manual established a systematic taxonomy of recurring legal, administrative, institutional, and technical bottlenecks, pairing each obstacle category with concrete, real-world case studies and legal precedents gathered across European borderlands.
Complemented by interactive digital platforms such as the E-DEN knowledge database, this initiative provided local authorities, regional governments, and central ministries with a standardised blueprint to diagnose cross-border friction points, negotiate bilateral arrangements, and build permanent multi-level governance solutions.
Ultimately, the ISIG manual laid the methodological groundwork for subsequent European Union obstacle-resolution frameworks, directly influencing the design of dedicated obstacle-removal mechanisms like b-solutions and the proposed European Cross-Border Mechanism (ECBM) / BRIDGEforEU.
Based on the declaration adopted in October 2013, the Nordic Council of Ministers established the Freedom of Movement Council in 2014, marking an institutional milestone in macro-regional cross-border obstacle management.
Mandated directly by Nordic Prime Ministers, this political body is tasked with systematically identifying, prioritising, and coordinating the elimination of legal and administrative bottlenecks that hinder labour mobility, public service delivery, and business activity across national boundaries in the Nordic countries.
Operationally, the Council established a direct “pipeline” linking bottom-up, ground-level information services such as Öresunddirekt and Grensetjänsten with national ministries. By taking real-world obstacles reported by citizens and businesses in border regions and assigning clear accountability to national authorities, it transformed obstacle resolution into an active, multi-level political process.
From a cross-border governance perspective, this place-based model demonstrated how strong political commitment and dedicated mechanisms can bridge diverging legal jurisdictions, unlocking shared territorial capital and setting a pioneer benchmark for European obstacle management.
Signed in February 2014, the Benelux Convention on Cross-Border and Interterritorial Cooperation replaced its 1986 predecessor, establishing permanent mechanisms for legal architecture for obstacle management across Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
The agreement introduced permanent legal and institutional mechanisms to resolve regulatory asymmetries, offering sub-national authorities dedicated legal instruments such as the Benelux Grouping of Territorial Cooperation, joint public bodies, and binding administrative arrangements.
By enabling local and regional authorities to directly harmonise administrative procedures, align spatial regulations, and execute joint public services without relying on cumbersome, ad-hoc bilateral treaties, the convention streamlined the systematic removal of legal and administrative barriers.
Furthermore, its innovative open design allowed neighbouring authorities in France and Germany to participate or accede to specific agreements, cementing the Benelux area as a pioneer legal laboratory for European cross-border governance and obstacle management.
During its 2015 EU Presidency, Luxembourg introduced a landmark proposal for a dedicated legal tool to advance cross-border obstacle management: the European Cross-Border Convention (ECBC).
What made this initiative genuinely novel compared to existing instruments was its direct legal ambition: it proposed a mechanism enabling Member States to mutually agree that the national laws or administrative rules of one country could apply across the border into another, or to create targeted legal derogations for specific cross-border projects in functional areas.
While the concept directly laid the groundwork for the European Commission’s official 2018 European Cross-Border Mechanism (ECBM) proposal, it faced years of legislative deadlock in the Council due to national sovereignty concerns before being revamped and resubmitted by the Commission as the revised BRIDGEforEU regulation in late 2023 and accepted in 2025.
Initiated by DG REGIO, the two-year Cross-Border Review project of the European Commission represented an unprecedented pan-European initiative to systematically identify, evaluate, and address the persisting legal and administrative barriers in EU border regions.
Moving obstacle management to the centre of the EU policy agenda, the review combined extensive public consultations, stakeholder workshops, and econometric studies to provide the first comprehensive, evidence-based mapping of cross-border friction points across all Member States.
One of the studies drafted during the project proved that legal asymmetries, conflicting national administrative rules, and institutional gaps were actively holding back functional border regions, estimating that removing just 20% of existing cross-border obstacles could boost border region GDP by 2% and create over one million new jobs.
This initiative culminated in the landmark September 2017 Commission Communication Boosting Growth and Cohesion in EU Border Regions.
Published in September 2017 as the direct outcome of the two-year Cross-Border Review project, the European Commission Communication Boosting Growth and Cohesion in EU Border Regions (COM(2017) 534) formally shifted the European policy focus from merely funding cross-border projects toward actively removing the structural legal and administrative bottlenecks that hinder full functional integration across borders.
The Communication outlined a targeted 10-point Action Plan designed to unlock the unfulfilled economic and social potential of border regions. Crucially, it operationalised obstacle management by establishing two landmark instruments:
By advocating for enhanced multi-level governance, shared public services, and improved cross-border mobility, the 2017 Communication provided the direct strategic and institutional foundation for the Commission’s subsequent legislative proposal for a dedicated European Cross-Border Mechanism (ECBM, failed in 2018).
In 2018, the European Commission formally established the Border Focal Point within DG REGIO to serve as a central operational hub dedicated to obstacle management.
Operating as an active knowledge-sharing platform, it connects national, regional, and local authorities to diagnose, address, and eliminate legal, administrative, and institutional friction points in functional border areas.
Proposed in May 2018, COM/2018/373 final sought to establish the European Cross-Border Mechanism (ECBM), a voluntary legal tool enabling Member States to apply the legal provisions of one Member State in a neighbouring territory to resolve specific obstacles impeding cross-border projects.
Designed to revolutionise obstacle management, this mechanism allowed targeted legal derogations for joint investments and public services without altering permanent national legislation, though sovereignty concerns ultimately stalled its adoption in the Council.
Supported by the International Visegrad Fund, a V4-level initiative led by expert institutions and think-tanks across the four countries elaborated a proposal to establish a joint Cross-Border Obstacle Management (CBOM) mechanism for the Visegrad region.
Drawing directly from the governance model of the Nordic Freedom of Movement Council, the proposal adapted the best practices to the specific legislative architectures and socio-political conditions of the four Central European countries.
The initiative outlined a systematic, multi-level mechanism to identify, analyse, and resolve practical legal and administrative bottlenecks in key cross-border sectors, such as emergency healthcare, labour mobility, regional public transport, and local food supply chains, aiming to shift V4 cooperation from ad-hoc project funding toward institutionalised, permanent obstacle resolution.
Initiated by DG REGIO based on the Communication Boosting Growth and Cohesion in EU Border Regions, and operationalised by the Association of European Border Regions (AEBR) under the auspices of the European Commission’s DG REGIO, the b-solutions operates as a bottom-up diagnostic mechanism.
The initiative empowers local and regional public authorities, as well as cross-border structures such as EGTCs and Euroregions, to identify and report highly specific, real-life legal and administrative barriers hindering functional integration in areas like employment, healthcare, public transport, and institutional cooperation.
By matching these reported bottlenecks with specialised legal experts, b-solutions provides customised, actionable legal advice to overcome them, whether through the adaptation of local regulations, the application of existing European legal tools, or the formulation of new bilateral agreements.
Beyond resolving individual local friction points, the initiative systematically compiles these test cases into a comprehensive evidence base. The empirical data serve as a vital feedback loop for European policymakers, highlighting recurrent systemic failures in multi-level governance and directly informing the ongoing legislative design of structural EU-level obstacle-resolution instruments.
Introduced for the 2021-2027 programming period, the Interreg Specific Objective 1 (ISO 1, “a better cooperation governance”) established a dedicated funding mechanism within European Territorial Cooperation programmes to explicitly enhance cross-border governance and institutional capacity.
By shifting the focus beyond traditional thematic investment projects, ISO 1 enables the relevant actors to directly allocate Interreg resources for diagnosing, managing, and removing persistent legal, administrative, and regulatory obstacles in functional border regions.
This structural integration of obstacle management into the core Interreg framework empowers public authorities to build permanent multi-level governance solutions and streamline shared cross-border public services.
Implemented between 2023 and 2029 by the Central European Service for Cross-Border Initiatives (CESCI, Budapest) and CESCI-Carpathia (Košice), the flagship project #ACCESS (Promotion of legal accessibility across the Slovak-Hungarian border) operationalises obstacle management under Interreg Specific Objective 1 (ISO 1).
Designated as an operation of strategic importance within the Interreg VI-A Hungary-Slovakia Programme, this 72-month initiative establishes a long-term mechanism to systematically unfold and resolve persistent legal and administrative bottlenecks that impede daily commuting, shared public services, and functional regional integration.
The initiative functions through a comprehensive dual-intervention architecture:
By translating ground-level cross-border friction into concrete regulatory proposals and policy tools, #ACCESS serves as a model for practical place-based governance, demonstrating how targeted cross-border obstacle interventions can bridge national legal frameworks and deliver tangible benefits to border citizens.
In 2024, the Association of Euroregions of the Czech Republic (AEČR) established a national contact point and launched a dedicated online reporting platform to systematically collect legal and administrative obstacles in borderlands.
The initiative provides a direct, bottom-up digital mechanism for citizens, local authorities, and businesses to report real-world obstacles impeding daily cross-border interactions.
By linking local feedback with national line ministries and regional governance networks, this platform institutionalises practical cross-border obstacle management across Czech border regions.
Between 2024 and 2026, the Regional Government of Upper Austria undertook a systematic identification of cross-border legal obstacles within the framework of the Interreg Central Europe project BorderLabs CE.
Building on the empirical baseline of a comprehensive 2021 study, the initiative mapped persistent administrative, legal, and regulatory bottlenecks along both the Austrian-Bavarian and Austrian-Czech borders.
By translating localised border friction into actionable policy solutions, this project advanced practical obstacle management and reinforced multi-level governance across these border regions.
Adopted on May 7, 2025, Regulation (EU) 2025/925, officially known as BRIDGEforEU, is largely considered a legislative breakthrough in European cross-border obstacle management.
The result of more than a decade of institutional negotiations evolving from the 2015 Luxembourg proposal, the regulation established a dedicated EU legal framework designed to systematically identify, evaluate, and resolve legal and administrative bottlenecks that hamper the development and operation of cross-border infrastructure and public services across European border areas.
The regulation operationalised obstacle resolution through two flexible, voluntary pillars:
By shifting from rigid, mandatory legal transfers to a common, voluntary governance architecture, BRIDGEforEU successfully reconciles national sovereignty with place-based territorial needs.
It provides local border communities with a formal, recognised mechanism to convert ground-level legal impediments into actionable regulatory solutions, cementing cross-border obstacle management as a core operational pillar of EU cohesion policy.
In 2026, supported by the European Commission, the rollout of the first eight pilot Cross-Border Coordination Points (CBCPs) commenced under BRIDGEforEU to institutionalise operational cross-border obstacle management across the EU.
The Central European area emerged as a central pillar of this pilot phase, with successful applications secured by Hungarian, Upper Austrian, and Italian entities.
By establishing these single-contact governance hubs, these countries will lead the practical implementation of the regulation, translating local legal bottlenecks into streamlined, multi-level regulatory solutions across functional borderlands.
The removal of barriers also has an impact on the other two areas mentioned above. It is in vain that joint plans are drawn up, and it is in vain that citizens can participate in the elaboration of these plans if they are subsequently not able to implement them due to legal obstacles.
The frequency of border obstacles increases in parallel with the intensification of cooperation. If the borders are closed, there is no mobility, which could generate legal and administrative obstacles. On the contrary, in a well-integrated cross-border functional area, obstacles proliferate and are regenerated at another scale or in another way.
Within the EU, obstacles bothering border people the most especially characterise sectors where the Member States keep their sovereignty, and the EU has no competences. The most frequent obstacles are linked to taxation and social security, which fall under national jurisdiction.
At the same time, not every barrier is an obstacle, or even if it is, it is not necessarily of a legal nature. Consequently, the management of obstacles requires a systematic and problem-oriented approach. Furthermore, not every obstacle can be resolved through legal amendments; there is a need for innovative, particular, tailor-made approaches and sets of solutions.
As obstacles arise at different territorial levels, the methods of multi-level governance are inevitable to adapt. The best way to manage obstacles is to prevent their occurrence through dialogue, mutual knowledge and understanding, as well as ex-ante cross-border territorial impact assessment.
The partners of the BorderLabs CE project have accumulated useful lessons on obstacle management:
What happens when a border turns a simple cross-border activity into a complex administrative process?
People, businesses and public authorities increasingly operate across borders, yet national legal and administrative systems can still create obstacles in everyday cross-border life. Differences in regulations, registration procedures, taxation, food safety, professional requirements, responsibilities and administrative competences can make activities that are straightforward within one country significantly more difficult across the border.
For small businesses and local producers in particular, these requirements can create disproportionate costs in terms of time, money and administrative capacity. Similar challenges can affect public services, mobility, healthcare, emergency cooperation and other areas where neighbouring territories depend on each other.
The approaches explored focus on making cross-border obstacles visible, understanding their underlying causes and creating more systematic ways of addressing them. This means moving beyond individual, ad hoc solutions towards structured information, cooperation between competent authorities and mechanisms for continuously identifying and managing obstacles.
Discover how cross-border cooperation can identify and overcome the legal, administrative, and practical obstacles that still shape everyday life in border regions through these 5 quick Shorts from BorderLabs CE. You’ll get an inside look at the challenges faced by local producers entering neighbouring markets, efforts to harmonise rules and services, practical cooperation in emergency situations, and the long-term work needed to remove both visible and invisible borders.
Complete the quiz to put your knowledge into practice!

Copy the suggested text below and paste it into your LinkedIn or Facebook post.
Copy the details below and paste them into the LinkedIn certification form.